微信公眾號
品名
正辛烷; 辛烷; n-Octane; Octane; Octylhydride; CAS：111-65-9
理化性質(zhì)
無色透明液體。分子式C8-H18。分子量114.22。相對密度0.7036(20/4℃)。凝固點(diǎn)-56.80。沸點(diǎn)125.6℃。閃點(diǎn)13.33℃。自燃點(diǎn)220℃。蒸氣密度3.86。蒸氣壓1.33kPa(10mmHg19.2℃)。蒸氣與空氣混合物可燃限1.0～6.5 % 。不溶于水; 微溶于乙醇; 溶于乙醚。遇熱、明火、強(qiáng)氧化劑易引起燃燒和爆炸。
接觸機(jī)會
石油中分離本品時及用于有機(jī)合成、溶劑、色譜分析標(biāo)準(zhǔn)物時可有接觸。
國內(nèi)主要生產(chǎn)廠商:北京化工廠、上海試劑一廠、天津市化學(xué)試劑二廠
侵入途徑
可經(jīng)呼吸道及消化道吸收。
毒理學(xué)簡介
大鼠吸入LC50: 118 gm/m3/4H。
毒性低,有麻醉及粘膜刺激作用。
大鼠經(jīng)口0.2ml,幾秒鐘發(fā)生驚厥、呼吸麻痹或心臟停搏而死亡,尸檢見肺泡和肺間質(zhì)出血、水腫。
人的嗅閾為2.335g/m^3。
IDLH: +1000 ppm (Based on 10% of the lower explosion limit for safety considerations even though the relevant toxicological data indicated that irreversible health efects or impairment of escape existed only at higher concentrations.) [R15]
臨床表現(xiàn)
未見急性中毒報道。
美國HSDB引用文獻(xiàn)：
*... THE MANIFESTATIONS OF EXPOSURE TO VAPORS ... OF ... OCTANE ... /ARE/ GIDDINESS, VERTIGO, HEADACHE, AND ANESTHETIC STUPOR. ... THERE MAY BE CONVULSIONS INDICATIVE OF BRAIN IRRITATION OR APNEIC ANOXIA. [R23, 264]
*... EPILEPTIFORM SEIZURES /MAY OCCUR/ MONTHS AFTER ACUTE EPISODE. PATHOLOGICAL EXAM OF TISSUES FROM FATAL CASES GIVES EVIDENCE FOR WIDESPREAD MICROHEMORRHAGIC PHENOMENA. IRRITATION OF UPPER AND LOWER RESPIRATORY TRACT AND VISCERAL DAMAGE HAS ALSO BEEN DESCRIBED. /SATURATED ALIPHATIC HYDROCARBONS/ [R23, 265]
*DIRECT ASPIRATION INTO THE LUNG OF PARAFFINS WITH CARBON NUMBERS C6 TO C16 MAY CAUSE CHEMICAL PNEUMONITIS, PULMONARY EDEMA, & HEMORRHAGING. /ALIPHATIC HYDROCARBONS/ [R4, 3176]
*The promoting activity of pristane and n-alkanes /including octanes/ in skin carcinogenesis, including their physical effects on micellar models of biological membranes, were compared. [R24]
*/CNS DEPRESSANT/ ... IN HIGH CONCN. [R12]
*Octane has not been shown to cause the type of peripheral neuropathy associated with n-hexane. The health effects of octane should be simialar to those of n-heptane except that n-octane is about 1.2 to 2 times more toxic. ... [R1, 310]
*Repeated or prolonged contact with the liquid may cause delipidization leading to dry, cracked and irritated skin. ... Application of liquid octane to the forearm for 1 hr and the thigh for 5 hr caused erythema, hyperemia, inflammation, and pigmentation. The human volunteers also complained of a burning and itching sensation in the skin at the site of application. 5 hr dermal exposure apparently caused some blister formation with the pain subsiding 3 hr after the contact with octane was discontinued. [R1, 310]
處理
未見報道。
標(biāo)準(zhǔn)
車間空氣衛(wèi)生標(biāo)準(zhǔn)：
美國ACGIH TLV-STEL 1750 mg/m3 (375 ppm)
美國ACGIH TLV-TWA 1400 mg/m3 (300 ppm)
美國MSHA STANDARD-air: TWA 400 ppm (1900 mg/m3)
美國OSHA PEL(一般工業(yè)): 8H TWA 500 ppm (2350 mg/m3)
美國OSHA PEL(建筑業(yè)): 8H TWA 400 ppm (1900 mg/m3)
美國OSHA PEL(船廠): 8H TWA 400 ppm (1900 mg/m3)
美國OSHA PEL(Fed Cont): 8H TWA 500 ppm (2350 mg/m3)
澳大利亞: TWA 300 ppm (1450 mg/m3), STEL 375 ppm (1800 mg/m3)
比利時: TWA 300 ppm (1400 mg/m3), STEL 375 ppm (1750 mg/m3)
丹麥: TWA 300 ppm (1450 mg/m3)
芬蘭: TWA 300 ppm (1400 mg/m3), STEL 375 ppm (1750 mg/m3)
法國: TWA 300 ppm (1450 mg/m3)
德國: TWA 500 ppm (2350 mg/m3)
匈牙利: TWA 500 mg/m3, STEL 1500 mg/m3
日本: TWA 300 ppm (1400 mg/m3)
荷蘭: TWA 300 ppm (1450 mg/m3)
菲律賓: TWA 500 ppm (2350 mg/m3)
波蘭: TWA 200 mg/m3
俄羅斯: TWA 300 ppm
瑞典: TWA 200 ppm (900 mg/m3), STEL 300 ppm (1400 mg/m3)
瑞士: TWA 300 ppm (1400 mg/m3), STEL 600 ppm
土耳其: TWA 400 ppm (1900 mg/m3)
英國: TWA 300 ppm (1450 mg/m3), STEL 375 ppm
保加利亞,哥倫比亞,約旦,韓國 參照美國 ACGIH TLV;
新西蘭,新加坡,越南 參照美國 ACGIH TLV
危規(guī)：GB3.2 類32008。原鐵規(guī):一級易燃液體,61010。UN NO.1262。IMDG CODE 3096-1頁,3.2 類。
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